Appendix B — Quick Reference Card

Section 10

ROOT (-pa/-ka) (-se/-ke) (-nu) TENSE MOOD NEG

### Clause Templates

| Type                  | Template                  |
|-----------------------|---------------------------|
| Intransitive          | `S (Adv) V`               |
| Transitive            | `S O (Adv) V`             |
| Transitive, no object | `S a (Adv) V`             |
| Ditransitive          | `S DO [RECIP na] (Adv) V` |
| Yes/no question       | `S O V kas`               |
| Relative clause       | `[ re … ra ] HEAD`        |
| Complement clause     | `S [ CLAUSE ra ] V`       |
| Fragment answer       | `NP/PP (+ suru)`          |

### Verbal Suffix Order

```
ROOT  (-pa/-ka)  (-se/-ke)  (-nu)
      TENSE      MOOD       NEG
```

### Postposition Summary

|         | Space | Time  | Other                         |
|---------|-------|-------|-------------------------------|
| Static  | `ne`  | `to`  | `no` (genitive)               |
| Goal    | `na`  | `na`  | `na` (dative)                 |
| Source  | `ni`  | `ni`  | —                             |