Lesson 4

Lesson 4: Noun Phrases, Pronouns, and Possession

Build noun phrases with modifier-before-head order, optional plural, pronouns, and suru predicates.

Building noun phrases

All modifiers precede their heads. That rule covers adjectives, possessors, and relative clauses. Once you learn it, noun phrase order becomes very stable.

Plural marking is optional. The language allows singular to cover general reference unless a speaker needs to make plurality explicit.

Worked examples

mira mana = clear person
mata no tima = the mother's message
mata sa pata = mother and father
[ re reta daku-pa ] ra mana = the person who carried the tool

Pronouns and suru

Pronouns are standalone function words, never compound pieces. For nominal and adjectival predicates, the clause closes with suru.

Self-check 1

Translate mata no tima.

Self-check 2

Why do roots ending in s not take another plural suffix?

Self-check 3

What is the order in mira mana?

Self-check 4

Where does suru appear in an adjectival or nominal predicate?